Adaptability

Is being adaptable, learning on the fly, and dealing with unexpected obstacles something that can be trained?  If so, how?

This is a skill that I find comes into play most often in social dance where partners frequently compensate or adjust for each other, but there are quite a number of other places where it happens too.  When you hop on an arcade cabinet and find that some of the controls are malfunctioning, for example.  Or perhaps when a rhythm game is miscalibrated.  It seems like in these cases it's a matter of learning the new set of rules of the system -- what works, what doesn't work.  Is that something that can be trained?